Pyramidal Radar Reflectors - The angular reflector is a retroreflector consisting of three perpendicular converging flat surfaces, which reflect the waves back towards the source, but are defined. A three-dimensional space that is connected many times has a square shape. Radar beam angles are made of metal and are used to reflect radio waves from radar equipment. The optical reflectors, called corner cubes or corner cubes, are made of three layers of glass, which are used in laser research.
Incoming rays are reflected three times, once at each surface, resulting in a change of direction.
Pyramidal Radar Reflectors
To achieve this, the three points corresponding to the sides of the opposite sides can be taken as the principal (rectangular coordinate system) (x, y, z) instead of indicating the direction of the random incoming light, [a,b , C]. When the ray points from the first direction, say x, the x-ray of the ray, a, returns to −a while the y and z coordinates do not change, resulting in the direction of [−a, b, c]. In this way, on the y side wh is shown and finally on the z side the counters of b and c are changed. Therefore, the direction of the ray is from [a, b, c] to [−a, b, c] to [−a, −b, c] to [−a, −b, −c], and it comes from of the steering angle and the three parts of the steering are adjusted correctly. The distance traveled, relative to the plane normal to the ray, is also the same for any ray of light, regardless of the initial point of reflection.
Russia Is Building 'ghost Bridges' With Radar Reflectors In Ukraine
Note: a diamond-shaped corner indicates a misaligned sail on a yacht; In order for the surface radar to reflect correctly it must be sent in the so-called "rain catch" so that it can come from the inside corner as shown in the "radar test" image.
Radar radiation is designed to reflect microwave radio waves emitted by the radar back to the radar station. This causes them to show a strong "return" on radar screens. A simple angle refers to the three sides of the paper or scree at a 90° angle to each other, meeting at the edges, forming a "corner." This reflects the radio waves coming from your forehead relative to the incoming beam. To create an angle that reflects radar waves coming from any direction, 8 reflectors are placed back to back in the shape of an octahedron (diamond). The reflective surface must be larger than most radio frequency bands to be effective.
At sea, they are placed on bridge decks, buoys, ships, and especially lifeboats, to ensure they are visible on the ship's radar. The angle beams are placed on top of the ship at a height of 4.6 meters (above 15 meters) above sea level (respecting the maximum distance of 8 kilometers or 4.5 kilometers). Marine radars use X-band microwaves with wavelengths from 2.5 to 3.75 cm (1 to 1.5 in), thus smaller antennas less than 30 cm (12 in) wide are used. During the flight of the plane, angle detectors are placed on the rural road, so that they are visible to the plane's radar.
In optics, reflectors usually consist of three mirrors or prisms that reflect reflected light in different directions. In research, retroreflective prisms are commonly used as long-range electronic targets using all seasons.
Radar Reflectors — Rozendal Associates, Inc
Five laser angle detectors have been placed on the moon for use by the Lunar Laser Ranging Survey, which is waiting for the laser's time-of-flight to measure the moon's orbit with greater precision than was previously possible. NASA included three large objects in the Apollo program, and the Soviet Union built two small ones on the Lunokhod rover.
Car and bicycle headlights are molded with lines showing a small angle, with different parts showing for viewing from different angles. Paint that improves visibility at night usually contains retroreflective beads. Soft plastics with microscopic patterns can be used as ribbons, for signs, or for sewing or shaping clothing.
Angles that reflect angles can also exist irregularly. Tower and balcony barriers are many times the angles of sound reflection and respond to the specific echo from the observer causing loud noises, such as claps, nearby. Similarly, in the radar sense, an object with more reflections from the surface produces a radar output of greater magnitude than expected from the size of the object. This effect was used on the ADM-20 Quail, a small missile that had the same radar cross section as the B-52. Resistance.
The battle over the bridges continues in Ukraine with recent satellite images showing the Russian military has placed a long line of pyramidal beams in the water near the recently collapsed Antonivskiy Bridge and the recently collapsed railway bridge, both of which cross the Dnipro. River. The bridges are a key point in Russia's support for Kherson in southern Ukraine.
The Rcs Curve Of The Triangular Pyramidal Trihedral Corner Reflector:...
A few days ago, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data showed what appeared to be a pontoon bridge built near the railway bridge that spans the river from the Antonivskiy Bridge. But satellite images showed that no pontoon bridge was being built. The following high-resolution satellite images were obtained by
From Planet Labs now shows various objects scattered across the canal on the west side of the Antonivskiy Bridge. A small number of similar features can be made on the west side of the rail bridge.
Video has also emerged in the last 24 hours of boat operations with the Antonivskiy Bridge out of service, where Russia has moved heavy military equipment and personnel, as well as civilians, across the river through that channel, all during attempts repair. the damaged bridge is being done. In the background, you can clearly see the rays of the pyramid shooting next to the opening that matches what is seen in the satellite images.
Images from a video posted on YouTube by The Telegraph show a civilian ship crossing the Antonivskiy Bridge. In the background you can see a pyramidal radar screen. Credit: The Telegraph/YouTube
Microwave Antenna Performance Metrics
Images from a video posted on YouTube by The Telegraph show a civilian ship crossing the Antonivskiy Bridge. In the background you can see a pyramidal radar screen. Credit: The Telegraph/YouTube
So it turns out that Russia sent radar detectors to both places, causing the 'ghost' bridge to appear next to the real one on satellite radar.
Reports that the Ukrainian military used the M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, or HIMARS, to attack the Antonovskiy Bridge began circulating on the internet a week ago after the bridge was left intact on the morning of July 20, but additional impacts began to be reported. on July 26. However, these attacks should not be confused with the attacks on the nearby Antonivskiy railway bridge that began on July 28. The two bridges, one for road and one for rail, are located near the Dnipro river in Kherson, which has been occupied by Russian forces since the start of the more than five-month conflict.
Both bridges - the road on the left and the railway on the right - provide the main channel of Kherson. Both were written off by HIMARS. Google Earth Image
Improved Characterization Of Scenes With A Combination Of Mmw Radar And Radiometer Information
The railway bridge was hit by GMLRS rockets in recent days, rendering it inoperable, like its highway counterpart four kilometers to the west. PHOTO © 2022 PLANET LABS INC. RIGHT OF ACCESS. REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION.
Highways and railways together provide a supply chain from Russian-controlled Crimea to southern Ukraine and especially Kherson. It is another key target for the Ukrainian military as its long-range artillery is augmented by the M31 Guided Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (GMLRS) fired by HIMARS and M270. According to recent Planet Labs images obtained by
, it seems that the Russian army started to install the radar detectors of the pyramid in front of the highway bridge after July 21 after the first HIMARS attack and the railway bridge received it soon after.
While it is important to note that these types of radar detectors are sometimes used in navigation applications, their deployment and timing are not the same in this particular case. There is also a past example to consider. In early July, the Russian military was seen using various tactics to prepare the $3.5 billion Kerch Strait Bridge, which connects Crimea with Russia, for airstrikes. It includes smoke control exercises, but more importantly, it includes placing metal-clad bars that look like moving radar near the bridge. These crude metal devices, commonly known as angle detectors, are highly visible to radar systems, the idea being that they can confuse approaching radar-guided missiles aiming to attack the bridge. This can be by providing a tempting target or by making target range problematic.
Russia Is Building 'ghost Bridges' With Radar Reflectors
Due to the great distance between the Kerch bridge and Ukrainian controlled territory, no attack attempts were made due to its remoteness.
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